• With one exception all receptors for

  2025-02-13

  

  With one exception, all receptors for dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), and norepinephrine are metabotropic receptors. The five metabotropic DA receptors (D1–D5) in the CNS are involved in motivation, pleasure, cognition, learning, memory, fine motor control, and modulate neuroen

• br Conclusions br Acknowledgments This research was funded

  2025-02-13

  

  Conclusions Acknowledgments This research was funded by the National Science Foundation Committee (NSFC) of China (Nos. 81171058 and 81471146) and Capital Development Scientific Research in China (Nos. 2011-5001-04 and 2014-4-5013). We are grateful for all of the participants who donated blood

• The second evidence comes from the

  2025-02-13

  

  The second evidence comes from the results obtained by patch-clamp recordings carried out at the endplate region of isolated mouse FDB fibers, where adenosine and the P1R agonist NECA significantly affected the NPo, the open frequency and the time constant τ of the adult nAChR channels. It is genera

• A key step in the ADAR reaction is

  2025-02-13

  

  A key step in the ADAR reaction is the formation of the adenosine covalent hydrate with a tetrahedral center at C6. The nucleoside analog 8-azanebularine (box in Fig. 6), with its relatively high propensity to form a covalent hydrate, is useful as an adenosine replacement in ADAR2 substrates to trap

• br Discussion Myopathic EMG changes are frequently detected

  2025-02-13

  

  Discussion Myopathic EMG changes are frequently detected in patients with MuSK MG, unlike in AChR MG patients [10]. However, these EMG changes are not always accompanied by myopathic histopathological findings. It has been shown that mitochondrial abnormalities seem to be more prominent in MuSK M

• br Experimental section br Results and discussion

  2025-02-13

  

  Experimental section Results and discussion Conclusion In the present study, 3a,8a-dihydroxy-8-oxo-1,3,3a,8a-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d]imidazol-2(1H)-iminium chloride (3) has been synthesized and characterized by spectral studies and single crystal X-ray crystallography. DFT calculations have

• The present in vitro pharmacological

  2025-02-13

  

  The present in vitro pharmacological experiments revealed that the cholinergic up-regulation of VEGF expression in neurons and astrocytes was mainly mediated by nicotinic AChR and muscarinic AChR, respectively. In addition, neuronal VEGF expression was elevated by endogenous ACh in a manner that was

• The acetylcholinesterase AChE inhibitor tacrine THA exerts n

  2025-02-13

  

  The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, tacrine (THA), exerts neuroprotective effects in time- and does-dependent manners against glutamate neurotoxicity (Takada-Takatori et al., 2006a, 2006b) and amyloid-β protein toxicity in PC12, a pheochromocytoma line (Wang et al., 2002; Xiao et al., 2000).

• Domiphen Bromide The effect of capital deductions

  2025-02-13

  

  The effect of capital deductions on equilibrium prices is given by the following comparative statics Thus, equilibrium prices are strictly decreasing in the share of capital cost deduction. The reason is that a higher share of capital cost deduction reduces the effective marginal costs, which makes

• br Methods and results ACE is a Canadian satellite mission

  2025-02-13

  

  Methods and results ACE is a Canadian satellite mission [7] that measures atmospheric Efaproxiral Sodium spectra in the limb geometry using the Sun as a light source (solar occultation). The ACE orbit (74° inclination to the equator, 650 km altitude) concentrates measurements at high latitudes b

• Caffeic acid dihydroxycinnamic acid is a natural compound th

  2025-02-13

  

  Caffeic tlr4 (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid) is a natural compound that inhibits 5-LO and exerts potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Recently, Takeda et al. reported that caffeic acid provided neuroprotective and anti-depressive activities [23]. Sertraline, a selective serotonin reupt

• The relatively high concentration of HT used in this

  2025-02-13

  

  The relatively high concentration of 5-HT used in this study (100 µM) is consistent with the concentrations used in other published ex vivo studies (Ropert and Guy, 1991, Passani et al., 1994, Shen and Andrade, 1998). In our paradigm 5-HT was focally applied at the surface of the slice via a fast pe

• Introduction Cancer which is responsible for a million death

  2025-02-13

  

  Introduction Cancer, which is responsible for a million deaths each year, is universally feared, and approximately 50% of newly diagnosed cases can be cured [1]. The existing cancer treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or a combination of them, are quickly losing efficacy. The

• br Materials and methods br

  2025-02-13

  

  Materials and methods Results To explore the potential role of autophagy in drug resistance, we firstly performed immunohistochemistry to compare the CGRP 8-37 (rat) of p62 in paired primary, metastatic, and recurrent tumor tissues from 26 ovarian cancer patients. The expression of p62 was re

• Of note core autophagy factors also play an important role

  2025-02-13

  

  Of note, core autophagy factors also play an important role during the infection of host cells by another type of picornavirus, namely, echovirus 7. ATG16L1 was found necessary for entry/internalization into Caco-2 polarized epithelial cells because the virus accumulated on the surface of ATG16L1-de

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