• br Conclusion Until recently astrocytes were recognized sole

  2022-03-08

  

  Conclusion Until recently, astrocytes were recognized solely for their maintenance role in the regulation of ampar homeostasis. Nowadays, this idea has changed, it is clear that these cells play a crucial role in the regulation of neuronal activity and signal transmission. In particular, glial G

• blue nitro Further insight in how exactly galanin

  2022-03-08

  

  Further insight in how exactly galanin might inhibit seizures was obtained from galanin transgenic mice. It occurred that the altered susceptibility to seizures was in direct correlation with glutamate release from hippocampal slices obtained from these animals (Fig. 2(b)). While no differences were

• In addition to our results

  2022-03-07

  

  In addition to our results, Chen et al. showed that administration of the GalR1 antagonist M40 improves cardiac function and attenuates cardiac remodeling in rats with heart failure [26]. These effects might be attributed to M40 suppression of galanin inhibitory effect on the vagal nerve in heart f

• br Materials and methods br Results Bgal

  2022-03-07

  

  Materials and methods Results Bgal from Alteromonas sp. ML117 had an open reading frame of 3126 bp encoding 1042 amino put off residues with a predicted mass of 120 kDa and a theoretical pI (isoelectric point) of 5.44. The recombinant Bgal contained a His tag, as well as other additional amin

• The other type of cell death that

  2022-03-07

  

  The other type of cell death that occurs in activated T Thyroid Hormone Receptor Antagonist (1-850) is caused by growth factor withdrawal following TCR-mediated activation, whereby most of the activated T cells die by apoptosis following the eradication of bacteria during an acute infection in orde

• Our paper also contributes to the large but hitherto

  2022-03-07

  

  Our paper also contributes to the large, but hitherto inconclusive literature that studies the effects of option-based compensation or convexity in compensation on corporate risk-taking policies. On the one hand, some studies document a positive relationship by showing that convexity increases lever

• FAUC-365 australia Relative to the impact of moderate PAE on

  2022-03-07

  

  Relative to the impact of moderate PAE on markers of histaminergic neurotransmission, there were four salient observations from the studies reported here. First, it does not appear that moderate PAE affects the number of HDC-positive neurons in the tuberomammillary nucleus of the ventral hypothalamu

• Histamine in the central nervous

  2022-03-07

  

  Histamine in the central nervous system is produced mainly in the tuberomammillary nucleus and is implicated in learning and memory as well as sleep and wakefulness, feeding and drinking, and neuroendocrine regulation . For instance, treatment with antihistamines not only produces drowsiness but als

• In cancer cells HIF upregulates HK II

  2022-03-07

  

  In cancer cells, HIF-1α upregulates HK-II expression by binding to the hypoxia-responsive element in the HK-II promoter region to adapt to hypoxic conditions [20]. In the present study, we observed that mangiferin transiently increased HIF-1α expression in endothelial cells, suggesting another possi

• br Introduction The signaling molecule

  2022-03-07

  

  Introduction The signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) plays an essential role in vessel homeostasis by initiating vasodilation [1], [2], [3]. After biosynthesis in endothelial cells, NO diffuses into the subjacent smooth muscle layer to reach its target enzyme, soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC, EC 4

• GCIPs are highly conserved Ca

  2022-03-07

  

  GCIPs are highly conserved Ca2+-binding proteins first discovered in the frog [42] and later in teleost [9]. With regard to gene structure, sequence conservation, and function, GCIPs are evolutionarily related to the GCAPs. The GCIP genes have acquired an additional intron in the N-terminal region w

• Ning et al showed that LPC appeared to

  2022-03-07

  

  Ning et al. showed that LPC 18:1 appeared to increase insulin release through both GPR119-dependent and -independent mechanisms (Ning et al., 2008). In our study, we have shown that not only GPR119 but also GPR40 and GPR55 participate in LPC-stimulated insulin secretion (Fig. 4, Fig. 5) and target p

• HA14-1 br Conclusions br Introduction G

  2022-03-07

  

  Conclusions Introduction G protein-coupled receptors (GPRs) share common structural motifs, including seven transmembrane helices, and the ability to activate heterotrimeric G proteins such as Gs, Gi, Gq and G12/13. A variety of GPR cellular functions are mediated by second messengers such as

• Autophagy as an important cellular process has drawn attenti

  2022-03-07

  

  Autophagy as an important cellular process has drawn attentions to its role in cardiovascular systems [16]. Autophagy is a self-digestion and degradation process that recycles the contents of the cytosol, including macromolecules and cellular organelles, resulting in self-repair and conservation for

• br Conclusion br Experimental procedures br Introduction The

  2022-03-04

  

  Conclusion Experimental procedures Introduction The glycine receptor (GlyR) is a member of the Cys-loop family of ligand-gated ion channels. It is the primary inhibitory receptor in the brainstem and spinal cord but also plays important roles in higher stat 3 inhibitor regions, including t

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