• The chronic induction of skeletal muscle AMPK activity is

  2023-02-08

  

  The chronic induction of skeletal muscle AMPK activity is an attractive therapeutic approach for DMD, as it addresses multiple cellular pathways needed for powerful phenotypic plasticity, including activation of the slow oxidative myofiber program, corrective autophagic signaling, as well as regulat

• The extent to which GPCR oligomerization is a regulated proc

  2023-02-07

  

  The extent to which GPCR oligomerization is a regulated process still remains unclear. Reported effects of ligands on both GPCR homo- and heteromers are highly variable and depend on GPCR subtypes and the specific ligand used. According to our data, chronic treatment of mice with both paroxetine or

• HT modulates cortical and hippocampal pyramidal cell functio

  2023-02-07

  

  5-HT modulates cortical and hippocampal pyramidal cell function in a very complex manner, since most 5-HT receptor subtypes (excitatory as well as inhibitory) are expressed on pyramidal ic propranolol synthesis as well as GABAergic interneurons that exert inhibitory control over pyramidal cells (Lei

• ADA catalyzes the deamination of adenosine and deoxyadenosin

  2023-02-07

  

  ADA catalyzes the deamination of adenosine and deoxyadenosine into their respective inosine nucleoside (Cristalli et al., 2001). This conversion is an initial step in a series of reactions responsible for lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, ADA is considered an indicator of cellu

• For comprehensive understanding of actin myosin XI

  2023-02-07

  

  For comprehensive understanding of actin-myosin XI as a control network, it will be necessary to determine the functions of all the myosin XI and AM251 isoforms. However, it is difficult to reveal the function of individual myosin XI isoforms because most myosin XI single knockouts exhibited no sig

• Phospholipases cleave membrane phospholipids from inflammato

  2023-02-07

  

  Phospholipases cleave membrane phospholipids from inflammatory cells, activated platelets, erythrocytes, adipocytes and cancer insulin receptor (Aoki et al., 2008, Neidlinger et al., 2006). Several reports have analysed the role of LPA and its receptors in the pathogenesis of RA. Zhao et al. report

• Fencilli et al reported derivatives of PHA

  2023-02-07

  

  Fencilli et al. reported derivatives of PHA-680626 (15) which demonstrated strong anti-proliferative activity against large group of leukaemia cell lines including IM-resistant BAF3 cells expressing mutants like T315I, M351T and E255K. Decrease in Histone H3 phosphorylation led to induction of endo

• Telomerase action at the telomere is highly regulated it

  2023-02-07

  

  Telomerase action at the telomere is highly regulated; it preferentially elongates the shortest telomeres, and recruitment of the enzyme complex to the telomere occurs in mid-S phase of the cell cycle (Bianchi and Shore, 2007, Britt-Compton et al., 2009, Teixeira et al., 2004, Hemann et al., 2001, T

• The mitogen activated protein kinase MAPK plays an important

  2023-02-07

  

  The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) plays an important role in a variety of cell processes by controlling transcriptional or translational regulation [14]. There are three major MAPK family members that have been well characterized: extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-termin

• heme oxygenase br Consequences of central apelin APJ modulat

  2023-02-07

  

  Consequences of central apelin/APJ modulation Regarding extra-hypothalamic actions, recent data demonstrate that the central apelin/APJ system could be a potential new target for the regulation of memory (Han et al., 2014). Then, intracerebroventricular (icv) apelin administration in mice impairs

• A number of interesting anti inflammatory molecules have

  2023-02-07

  

  A number of interesting anti-inflammatory molecules have also been identified that are derived from AA or ω−3 fatty acids, including the lipoxins (for “lipoxygenase interaction products”), resolvins, and protectins [18], [19] (Fig. 1). The lipoxins are synthesized from AA by 5-, 12-, and 15-LOX, as

• While HTPCs are not immune cells they

  2023-02-06

  

  While HTPCs are not immune cells, they produce IL-6, MCP-1 and other immunologically relevant factors (Mayer et al., 2016). Our results demonstrated that epinephrine and phenylephrine increased the mRNA expression levels of COX-2, IL-6 and MCP-1 in HTPCs without affecting the mRNA expression level o

• Rising depolarization was observed during and decaying

  2023-02-06

  

  Rising depolarization was observed during and decaying depolarization after the photostimulation (Fig. 1D). The slow decrease of the firing rate after photostimulation is also a remarkable characteristic of the striatal neuron (Figs. 1E, 2 and 3), since the cortex pyramidal neurons (data not shown)

• br Funding This work was supported by Arena Pharmaceuticals

  2023-02-06

  

  Funding This work was supported by Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA. Introduction 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B (5-HT1B) receptors are widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS); they have various modulatory functions in drug reinforcement, appetitive behaviors, stress, moo

• Salivary amylase activity was not significantly

  2023-02-06

  

  Salivary α-amylase activity was not significantly different between bitches with pyometra and healthy bitches, and there were no significant changes after ovariohysterectomy, similar to chromogranin A (Jitpean et al., 2015). Therefore, it is postulated that the SAM axis is not activated in bitches w

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