• The mechanism governing how mechanotransduction signals

  2024-07-18

  

  The mechanism governing how mechanotransduction signals regulate a number of genes involved in cartilage hemostasis remains unclarified. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are activated by static and dynamic compression of cartilage (31 32). c-Fos/AP-1 is downstream of the MAPK pathway

• Protein microarrays represent just one of

  2024-07-18

  

  Protein microarrays represent just one of a variety of experimental approaches that can be used to generate datasets of relevance to pathway mapping. Other approaches include protein PPADS tetrasodium salt receptor profiling techniques, such as antibody arrays [29], tissue arrays [30] and 2-dimensio

• The current results also demonstrated tendencies toward decr

  2024-07-18

  

  The current results also demonstrated tendencies toward decreased serum Aβ40 levels and increased Aβ42 levels during the 1-year follow-up. These tendencies are consistent with the results of a previous study that evaluated Aβs in the CSF of patients with late-life depression (Pomara et al., 2016). T

• Because of the critical roles played by AMPK

  2024-07-18

  

  Because of the critical roles played by AMPK in energy sensing and cancer cell survival, a huge number of drugs have been proposed to exert their pharmacological effects by means of AMPK activation (Kim and He, 2013). For example, metformin has been shown to activate AMPK in muscle (Sajan et al., 20

• Cryptotanshinone Based upon these findings the S lipoxygenas

  2024-07-18

  

  Based upon these findings, the 12S-lipoxygenase seems to increase membrane excitability by specifically inhibiting M-type K+ channels. The 12S-lipoxygenase is expressed in many parts of mammalian Cryptotanshinone including the cerebrum, cerebellum, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, hippocampus, olfactor

• Some of the earliest LOX inhibitors were redox

  2024-07-18

  

  Some of the earliest 12-LOX inhibitors were redox inhibitors, including nordihydroguaiaretic Saikosaponin A (NDGA), BW 755C, and baicalein 48, 49, 50. Redox inhibitors block the oxidation of the nonheme iron at the cataylytic site, preventing its conversion from the inactive (Fe2+) to the active (F

• Ten strains of lactobacilli TMW isogenic with strain

  2024-07-18

  

  Ten strains of lactobacilli: TMW 1.1434 (isogenic with strain F19 ), TMW 1.1733 (isolated from fermented food), TMW 1.1628 (isolated from baby feces), TMW 1.1609 (isolated from baby feces), TMW 1.1734 (isolated from fermented food), TMW 1.313 (isolated from non-pasteurized Heineken beer), TMW 1.465

• Regarding the HT B receptors

  2024-07-17

  

  Regarding the 5-HT1B receptors, they act as terminal receptors and are involved in the presynaptic regulation of the release of 5-HT. But at spinal level these receptors are principally situated post-synaptically (Sari, 2004). The ability of autoreceptors to regulate extracellular levels of 5-HT dur

• br The cytochrome P enzyme hydroxylase lyase P

  2024-07-17

  

  The cytochrome P450 enzyme 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (P450) is involved in the production of the C containing androgen precursors from the C containing steroids such as the pregnanes and progestins (). Steroids such as androstenedione (AD) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) are therefore synthesi

• At present drugs that specifically inhibit YAP

  2024-07-17

  

  At present, drugs that specifically inhibit YAP activity are not available. In fact, verteporfin, which was originally described as a specific inhibitor of YAP-TEAD interaction, has been recently shown to exert its activity through selective induction of proteotoxicity rather than through YAP inhibi

• The ATX LPA signaling axis

  2024-07-17

  

  The ATX–LPA signaling “axis” [5] has been implicated in a perplexing variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes, including vascular and neural development [5], [26], [27], [28], [29], tumor progression and metastasis [30], [31], lymphocyte trafficking [22], bone development [32], neur

• br Acknowledgements We thank Dr Stefan Schulte Merker

  2024-07-17

  

  Acknowledgements We thank Dr. Stefan Schulte-Merker and his group members at the Hubrecht Institute (Utrecht, the Netherlands) for their invaluable support of the zebrafish studies. Our work is supported by grants from the Dutch Cancer Society (KWF) and the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific

• br Methods br Results br Discussion

  2024-07-17

  

  Methods Results Discussion Autotaxin has been shown to have effects on major cell types implicated in OA, notably chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and synoviocytes, through its enzymatic product LPA [20]. However, a paucity of research exists on the involvement of autotaxin in OA. Fi

• Aurora kinases were initially identified

  2024-07-17

  

  Aurora kinases were initially identified as protein kinases essential for error-free chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis. Aurora A appears to control premetaphase events, such as bipolar spindle assembly 3, 4, with Aurora B and C directing metaphase and postmetaphase events, including

• From an historical perspective ligands for GPCRs

  2024-07-17

  

  From an historical perspective, ligands for GPCRs (adrenaline, serotonin, hexokinase regulation or morphine, to name a few) have been identified before their receptor counterparts, at a time when the concept of receptor itself was controversial [15]. Although many cognate receptors for endogenous l

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